|
HRDF Claimable
TENTATIVE PROGRAMME
Day 1
3 December 2020 |
Day 2
4 December 2020 |
ABSTRACT & ABOUT SPEAKERS
Paper: Mega Transport Projects and Politics: East Coast Rail Link, Malaysia
Speaker: Dr Wang Hong Kok, Ir. Dr Ooi Teik Aun & Ir. Khoo Chee Min
Abstract: The East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) qualifies as a Mega Transport Project (MTP) since its original contract sum was a hefty RM65.5 Billion. This paper attempts to explore if the decision-making criteria adhered to “iron triangle law” at the early project appraisal stage, and also the related “cost-benefit analysis”. Often, the “iron triangle” criteria is hardly applied by decision-makers in this special MTP class as they have to contend with social and economic benefits which are not easily quantifiable. Politics and political preferences tend to come into the play of decision-makers, consequently sidelining technical analysis.
Paper: Advancements and Achievements in Tunnelling and Underground Space Developments in Malaysia
Speaker: Ir. Khoo Chee Min & Ir. Dr Ooi Teik Aun
Abstract: The advancements and achievements in tunnelling and underground space developments in Malaysia have gone through a rising and flourishing time in the past two decades. Not only many tunnels have been successfully constructed for a large number of applications but the whole tunnelling and underground construction industry has made a great leap forward since the inception of the SMART project in early 2000s. The SMART tunnel, is the first of its kind in the world, an innovative dual-purposes tunnel engineered to provide unique solution to the Malaysian capital’s long-term traffic and stormwater management problems. The tunnel is 9.7km long and is the longest storm water tunnel in Southeast Asia and the second longest in Asia. Construction started in 2003 and completed and operational in May 2007. The continuation of tunnelling works succeeded by the construction of Bukit Berapit and Larut tunnels in electrified double track railway project in 2008. The 3300m twin tube Bukit Berapit tunnel is the longest rail tunnel in Malaysia and believed to be the longest drill and blast rail tunnel in Southeast Asia. The construction of the interstate water transfer tunnel consisting of three tunnels measuring 44.6km makes it the world's 11th longest tunnel and the longest in Southeast Asia. Construction activity started in 2010 and the excavation works were completed by May 2014. Other notable underground space development includes underground sewage treatment plant (Pantai 2 STP), underground powerhouse of the hydropower projects, etc. as well as the conceptual underground city in Bandar Malaysia at the old airport site in Sungai Besi. Perhaps, the construction of the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) in 2011 has changed the landscape of tunnelling in Malaysia significantly. The project has not only opened tremendous works and new frontier for tunnelling and underground engineering in Malaysia, but it also will generate a sustainable market for the tunnelling and underground construction industry for many years to come. The spin-off effects of the SMART tunnel to Malaysia and world-wide tunnelling community were too great to be ignored. Locally, the SMART project has far reaching effect on the technological advancements as is evidenced from the innovation of Variable Density Tunnel Boring Machine (VD-TBM), establishment of Tunnelling Training Academy (TTA) and the local TBM refurbishment plant as well as the latest local innovated tunnelling disrupter through the creation of Autonomous Tunnel Boring Machine (A-TBM). The presentation could be firstly approached from points of view how tunnelling and underground space developments in Malaysia are traditionally advanced from the past.
Herein the presentation continues with the review of recent past tunnelling activities for the last two decades from 2000 as well as the up-coming tunnelling projects. Lastly the various recent advancements in tunnel and tunnelling technology are outlined, including the development in risk management of underground construction locally. This golden era of tunnelling and underground space developments indeed has positioned Malaysia on the world map.
Paper: The Pursuit of an Autonomous Tunnel Boring Machine
Speaker: John Lim Ji Xiong, Liew Kit Shen, Russell Jon Batty & Justin Chin Jing Ho
Abstract: The inexorable rise of autonomy in modern machines has disrupted many industries from transport to manufacturing, leading to a new revolution called Industry 4.0. Riding on this wave of technology, this paper presents the development of a technical innovation in the tunnelling industry called the Autonomous Tunnel Boring Machine (A-TBM).Sensor fusion is coupled with autonomous control algorithms (ACAs) to steer and operate the A-TBMs with minimal human intervention. The ACAs were implemented in four progressive phases starting with auto-steering, auto-advance, auto-excavation control and auto-slurry circuit control. Control strategies were derived from first principles and their performance is presented in this paper. The system was successfully deployed on KVMRT Line 2. The 13.5km underground alignment of KVMRT2 SSP presents various challenges and risks due to the varied geological formations including Karstic Limestone, Kenny Hill and granite. The A-TBMs have completed 5+ km of tunnels, traversing through these mixed ground conditions including critical crossings under 14-lane motorways and other sensitive structures. The A-TBMs demonstrated the ability to seamlessly adapt to the changing ground conditions and improved the consistency, safety and accuracy of the tunnel drives.
Paper: Innovations in the Use of Fibre Reinforced Precast Segmental Tunnel Linings in Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project
Speaker: Mohd Yusri Bin Mustafha
Abstract: Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has been used in Malaysia underground projects since the 1980’s. The majority of FRC applications in underground projects in Malaysia has largely been in sprayed concrete for tunnel linings. FRC in sprayed concrete can be found in many hydropower, hydraulic and road tunnel projects in Malaysia. In 2011, FRC was finally adopted following design recommendations in FIB Model Code 2010, for use in precast segmental tunnel linings in Klang Valley MRT SBK Line and this continued into the SSP Line in 2016. In only 2 projects, there has been innovations developed in the use of FRC in precast segmental tunnel linings. Using improved medium-strength steel fibres, the steel fibre and polypropylene fibre dosages were reduced from 40kg/m3 to 35kg/m3 and 2kg/m3 to 1.5kg/m3 respectively while still achieving the required SFRC performance. The use of improved automation in dosing of steel and polypropylene fibres also contributed to reduction in material wastage. Wastage in terms of segment rejection was reduced from 3% to 1.5% with the use of SFRC.
Paper: Assessment on Tunnel to Ensure Stability in Soft Ground Tunnelling
Speaker: Dr Siti Norafida binti Jusoh
Abstract: Soft ground tunnelling is a complex problem. Ground only has little to no time gap to be left without any support, hence, tunnel lining is use to support the ground. A thick tunnel lining usually used to support the ground convergence but lead to heavy lifting and slow the construction progress. Reduction of tunnel lining thickness would shorten the time of lining installation (due to lightweight segment) and also help in reducing the cost of tunnel construction. However, as lining is ejected to place via jack thrust forces which induced from face pressure, the integrity of lining is questionable. Large jack forces may lead to lining failure and heave may occur in ground; but if the forces is too small, the TBM speed may be reduces considerably along with the collapse of the face pressure. Therefore, the effect of lining thickness and jack forces to ensure the stability of soft ground tunnelling will be discussed here in. Detailed of numerical modelling with staggered tunnel lining segments in soft ground model were carried out with ABAQUS software. In the findings, when the tunnel lining thickness is reduced, the settlement of the ground surface is increased. In addition, jack force is also found as one of the reasons of the tunnel to distort and the effect is more visible on the rings with reduced thickness compared to original thickness of the tunnel lining.
Paper: Ground Improvement for Shallow Overburden of Bored Tunnels: Case Study of 8th Drive in Klang Valley MRT Line 2
Speaker: Hui Poon Xin
Abstract: Following the rising of underground spaces utilization in urban cities, it is inevitable to mine underneath public roads of heavy traffic flow. The 8th drive of SSP Line 2 includes a final stretch of 240m of shallow overburden which sits below East West Link Expressway that caters for high volume of traffic. Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) ground treatment method suitable to the local geological conditions is adopted for the purpose of controlling potential deformations and distortions of tunnel lining. In this paper, we discuss ground treatment methods adopted for this shallow overburden section, construction sequences, site operation challenges and solutions. The ground treatment works are divided into 5 stages, where 4 of the stages are preceded by traffic diversion to perform DSM works across the expressway. Challenges to the ground treatment works arise when construction waste and multiple boulder layers are found within the treatment area, adjacent to expressway in use.
Paper: Prediction of Ground Movement Utilising 3D Numerical Analysis in Proximity to Deep Excavations in Urban Projects
Speaker: Ir Soo Wai Yee
Abstract: The compliance with strict requirements for serviceability is often of great importance for the design of urban structures. The design of tunnels/deep excavation requires a proper estimate of ground movements and settlements as well as structural forces particularly in the proximity to existing structures. This paper presents practical applications of 3D numerical models for solving geotechnical problems in underground work. The impact of excavation/tunnelling on existing structures was estimated by employing different groundwater conditions and loading conditions. Comparisons were made between the 2D approximation and the 3D staging model to demonstrate how 3D modelling can be utilised to achieve the safe and robust design and construction of deep excavation and tunnelling in challenging urban construction.
Paper: Finite Element Evaluation of Tunnel-Piled Structure Interaction in Complex Ground Conditions
Speaker: Ir Frankie Cheah
Abstract: Underground tunnelling works in densely populated urban environment can give rise to deformation of the surrounding ground. The ground deformations can cause potential damage to the adjacent structure foundation and lead to untoward structural distresses. In one of the locations of the recent tunnel construction for MRT development in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the tunnel is expected to be constructed beneath an existing viaduct pier supporting the operating railway line. The viaduct pier founded on piles with tips partially located within more than one zone (30° and 45°) where a triangular zone above the tunnel is anticipated. The triangular zone identified is expected to be observed with a large pile settlement as per reported by Jacobsz et. al. (2001). Subsurface investigation revealed that TBM is envisaged to be driven through a mixed soil-rock face conditions over an inclined bedrock where the piles are toe-socketed. In the design stage of the tunnel works, finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to evaluate the mechanisms of ground movement and tunnel-piled structure interaction for this complex ground conditions. The geotechnical challenges that are unique to this tunnelling interface owing to its geological features are identified. The ground deformations and structure responses in transverse direction are predicted using finite element modelling in order to investigate the effects on pile foundation as well as the viaduct structure due to differential movement between piles. Malaysia Railway Protection Act (1998) was used to assess the safety and integrity of the operating railway structure. The instrumentation strategy during the tunnelling work is also briefly discussed in this paper. The results of the instrumentation are compared with that of FEA predictions.
Paper: Numerical Tools in Geotechnical Engineering for Underground Works: Tunnelling, Engineering Geology and Recent Trends
Speaker: Dr Boon Chia Weng
Abstract: The increasing development of underground space has resulted in a need to carry out designs more efficiently and accurately. Although there is a suite of numerical tools at the engineer’s disposal, it is important that the engineer is able to review whether the results are realistic. The engineer should determine from his site observations whether the numerical technique adopted is appropriate, and whether more advanced checks are required. Some practical examples and numerical solutions are discussed. The presentation draws example related from tunnelling and engineering geology. These are underpinned by the quality of site investigation and also site observations, so that they can be reflected in the analysis.
Paper: The Use of Polymer Fibre Reinforced Concrete in Underground Construction Projects in Asia
Speaker: Mr. Isaac Ching Ngew Hoe, Assistant Professor Dr Chuchai Sujivorakul
Abstract: This paper discusses the rise in the use of polymer fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) in underground construction projects in Asia. Historically, polymer fibres were mainly micro polymer fibres with tensile strengths of 200MPa to 400MPa. These micro polymer fibres were used in concrete to control cracks and prevent spalling of concrete during a fire in a tunnel. Polymer fibre producers experimenting with improved petroleum resins, production methods and different surface patterns have managed to produce higher strengths macro polymer fibres. Macro polymer fibres are now achieving tensile strengths above 550MPa. These higher strength macro polymer fibres are successfully replacing partially or completely the steel reinforcing bars and/or steel fibres in reinforced concrete used in underground structures in Asia. This evolution is further enhanced by the fact that many of these polymer fibres are produced locally in Asia thus resulting in reduced shipping costs. The use of polymer fibres in underground construction projects will further improve the efficient and sustainable usage of valuable raw materials and contribute to efforts in reducing our carbon footprint.
Paper: Challenges and Innovations in the Deepest Underground Space Development in Restricted Urban Areas of Kuala Lumpur
Speaker: Ir. Alexus Pong Vui Wei
Abstract: The Damansara Town Centre (DTC) was constructed in 1983 to 1986. The 9 blocks of 8 to 10 storeys buildings were founded on bored piles and steel H-piles foundations. The site is located in Kuala Lumpur Kenny Hill Formation. The construction of 2 new MRT stations within its vicinity and the rapid development of the surrounding areas have created an urge to redevelop this plot of land of over 3.5ha with over 30 years old buildings inclusive of an existing bridge that need to be demolished. The new development will be a high density mixed development with 5 to 8 levels of basement carparks, 4 levels of podium for commercial, 9 blocks of 8 to 22 storeys office towers and 3 blocks of 48 to 54 storeys of residential towers with total build up area of 300,000m2. The original development has existing retaining wall system of counterfort RC wall and the bored piles and H-piles are approximately 12m to 18m long below soffit of pile cap level. There are 7 MRT viaduct piers located literally next to the eastern boundary for the entire development.
These constraints have posted significant challenges to the design and construction sequence of the retaining wall and support system for the basement structure, as well as the foundation systems for the office towers and residential towers. This development also needs to comply with the regulatory requirements of Mass Rapid Transit Corporation due to close proximity, especially on railway protection in-line with the Railway Act and establishment of comprehensive instrumentation monitoring scheme to railway system along with the basement construction works. This paper will present the innovations in overcoming the complex challenges encountered.
Paper: 3D Subsurface Profile Development Using IDW Method for Tunnel Design
Speaker: Ir. Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohd Ashraf bin Mohamad Ismail
Abstract: A subsurface profile is conventionally developed through a 2D cross section and manually interpreted by geotechnical engineers based on limited boreholes. However, the main drawback of this method is that it produces a large variation of results and is not supported by any deterministic interpolation method. This study aimed to eliminate this constraint by using a 3D subsurface model, which was generated using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) algorithm method. This algorithm successfully produced a reliable 3D subsurface model using RockWorks17 software. Besides the 3D soil lithology model, a standard penetration test value (SPT-N) and a pressuremeter modulus (E0 and Eur) were also modeled in this study. However, correlation of the E0 and Eur models with the SPT-N was required to develop reliable 3D models. A tunnel simulation was appended with these models and unique features to export the models to Google Earth, enhance the visualization of the models presented to the client, and assist in a geotechnical monitoring system for ground settlement in tunnel construction.
Paper: Mega Transport Projects and Politics: East Coast Rail Link, Malaysia
Speaker: Dr Wang Hong Kok, Ir. Dr Ooi Teik Aun & Ir. Khoo Chee Min
Abstract: The East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) qualifies as a Mega Transport Project (MTP) since its original contract sum was a hefty RM65.5 Billion. This paper attempts to explore if the decision-making criteria adhered to “iron triangle law” at the early project appraisal stage, and also the related “cost-benefit analysis”. Often, the “iron triangle” criteria is hardly applied by decision-makers in this special MTP class as they have to contend with social and economic benefits which are not easily quantifiable. Politics and political preferences tend to come into the play of decision-makers, consequently sidelining technical analysis.
Paper: Advancements and Achievements in Tunnelling and Underground Space Developments in Malaysia
Speaker: Ir. Khoo Chee Min & Ir. Dr Ooi Teik Aun
Abstract: The advancements and achievements in tunnelling and underground space developments in Malaysia have gone through a rising and flourishing time in the past two decades. Not only many tunnels have been successfully constructed for a large number of applications but the whole tunnelling and underground construction industry has made a great leap forward since the inception of the SMART project in early 2000s. The SMART tunnel, is the first of its kind in the world, an innovative dual-purposes tunnel engineered to provide unique solution to the Malaysian capital’s long-term traffic and stormwater management problems. The tunnel is 9.7km long and is the longest storm water tunnel in Southeast Asia and the second longest in Asia. Construction started in 2003 and completed and operational in May 2007. The continuation of tunnelling works succeeded by the construction of Bukit Berapit and Larut tunnels in electrified double track railway project in 2008. The 3300m twin tube Bukit Berapit tunnel is the longest rail tunnel in Malaysia and believed to be the longest drill and blast rail tunnel in Southeast Asia. The construction of the interstate water transfer tunnel consisting of three tunnels measuring 44.6km makes it the world's 11th longest tunnel and the longest in Southeast Asia. Construction activity started in 2010 and the excavation works were completed by May 2014. Other notable underground space development includes underground sewage treatment plant (Pantai 2 STP), underground powerhouse of the hydropower projects, etc. as well as the conceptual underground city in Bandar Malaysia at the old airport site in Sungai Besi. Perhaps, the construction of the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) in 2011 has changed the landscape of tunnelling in Malaysia significantly. The project has not only opened tremendous works and new frontier for tunnelling and underground engineering in Malaysia, but it also will generate a sustainable market for the tunnelling and underground construction industry for many years to come. The spin-off effects of the SMART tunnel to Malaysia and world-wide tunnelling community were too great to be ignored. Locally, the SMART project has far reaching effect on the technological advancements as is evidenced from the innovation of Variable Density Tunnel Boring Machine (VD-TBM), establishment of Tunnelling Training Academy (TTA) and the local TBM refurbishment plant as well as the latest local innovated tunnelling disrupter through the creation of Autonomous Tunnel Boring Machine (A-TBM). The presentation could be firstly approached from points of view how tunnelling and underground space developments in Malaysia are traditionally advanced from the past.
Herein the presentation continues with the review of recent past tunnelling activities for the last two decades from 2000 as well as the up-coming tunnelling projects. Lastly the various recent advancements in tunnel and tunnelling technology are outlined, including the development in risk management of underground construction locally. This golden era of tunnelling and underground space developments indeed has positioned Malaysia on the world map.
Paper: The Pursuit of an Autonomous Tunnel Boring Machine
Speaker: John Lim Ji Xiong, Liew Kit Shen, Russell Jon Batty & Justin Chin Jing Ho
Abstract: The inexorable rise of autonomy in modern machines has disrupted many industries from transport to manufacturing, leading to a new revolution called Industry 4.0. Riding on this wave of technology, this paper presents the development of a technical innovation in the tunnelling industry called the Autonomous Tunnel Boring Machine (A-TBM).Sensor fusion is coupled with autonomous control algorithms (ACAs) to steer and operate the A-TBMs with minimal human intervention. The ACAs were implemented in four progressive phases starting with auto-steering, auto-advance, auto-excavation control and auto-slurry circuit control. Control strategies were derived from first principles and their performance is presented in this paper. The system was successfully deployed on KVMRT Line 2. The 13.5km underground alignment of KVMRT2 SSP presents various challenges and risks due to the varied geological formations including Karstic Limestone, Kenny Hill and granite. The A-TBMs have completed 5+ km of tunnels, traversing through these mixed ground conditions including critical crossings under 14-lane motorways and other sensitive structures. The A-TBMs demonstrated the ability to seamlessly adapt to the changing ground conditions and improved the consistency, safety and accuracy of the tunnel drives.
Paper: Innovations in the Use of Fibre Reinforced Precast Segmental Tunnel Linings in Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project
Speaker: Mohd Yusri Bin Mustafha
Abstract: Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has been used in Malaysia underground projects since the 1980’s. The majority of FRC applications in underground projects in Malaysia has largely been in sprayed concrete for tunnel linings. FRC in sprayed concrete can be found in many hydropower, hydraulic and road tunnel projects in Malaysia. In 2011, FRC was finally adopted following design recommendations in FIB Model Code 2010, for use in precast segmental tunnel linings in Klang Valley MRT SBK Line and this continued into the SSP Line in 2016. In only 2 projects, there has been innovations developed in the use of FRC in precast segmental tunnel linings. Using improved medium-strength steel fibres, the steel fibre and polypropylene fibre dosages were reduced from 40kg/m3 to 35kg/m3 and 2kg/m3 to 1.5kg/m3 respectively while still achieving the required SFRC performance. The use of improved automation in dosing of steel and polypropylene fibres also contributed to reduction in material wastage. Wastage in terms of segment rejection was reduced from 3% to 1.5% with the use of SFRC.
Paper: Assessment on Tunnel to Ensure Stability in Soft Ground Tunnelling
Speaker: Dr Siti Norafida binti Jusoh
Abstract: Soft ground tunnelling is a complex problem. Ground only has little to no time gap to be left without any support, hence, tunnel lining is use to support the ground. A thick tunnel lining usually used to support the ground convergence but lead to heavy lifting and slow the construction progress. Reduction of tunnel lining thickness would shorten the time of lining installation (due to lightweight segment) and also help in reducing the cost of tunnel construction. However, as lining is ejected to place via jack thrust forces which induced from face pressure, the integrity of lining is questionable. Large jack forces may lead to lining failure and heave may occur in ground; but if the forces is too small, the TBM speed may be reduces considerably along with the collapse of the face pressure. Therefore, the effect of lining thickness and jack forces to ensure the stability of soft ground tunnelling will be discussed here in. Detailed of numerical modelling with staggered tunnel lining segments in soft ground model were carried out with ABAQUS software. In the findings, when the tunnel lining thickness is reduced, the settlement of the ground surface is increased. In addition, jack force is also found as one of the reasons of the tunnel to distort and the effect is more visible on the rings with reduced thickness compared to original thickness of the tunnel lining.
Paper: Ground Improvement for Shallow Overburden of Bored Tunnels: Case Study of 8th Drive in Klang Valley MRT Line 2
Speaker: Hui Poon Xin
Abstract: Following the rising of underground spaces utilization in urban cities, it is inevitable to mine underneath public roads of heavy traffic flow. The 8th drive of SSP Line 2 includes a final stretch of 240m of shallow overburden which sits below East West Link Expressway that caters for high volume of traffic. Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) ground treatment method suitable to the local geological conditions is adopted for the purpose of controlling potential deformations and distortions of tunnel lining. In this paper, we discuss ground treatment methods adopted for this shallow overburden section, construction sequences, site operation challenges and solutions. The ground treatment works are divided into 5 stages, where 4 of the stages are preceded by traffic diversion to perform DSM works across the expressway. Challenges to the ground treatment works arise when construction waste and multiple boulder layers are found within the treatment area, adjacent to expressway in use.
Paper: Prediction of Ground Movement Utilising 3D Numerical Analysis in Proximity to Deep Excavations in Urban Projects
Speaker: Ir Soo Wai Yee
Abstract: The compliance with strict requirements for serviceability is often of great importance for the design of urban structures. The design of tunnels/deep excavation requires a proper estimate of ground movements and settlements as well as structural forces particularly in the proximity to existing structures. This paper presents practical applications of 3D numerical models for solving geotechnical problems in underground work. The impact of excavation/tunnelling on existing structures was estimated by employing different groundwater conditions and loading conditions. Comparisons were made between the 2D approximation and the 3D staging model to demonstrate how 3D modelling can be utilised to achieve the safe and robust design and construction of deep excavation and tunnelling in challenging urban construction.
Paper: Finite Element Evaluation of Tunnel-Piled Structure Interaction in Complex Ground Conditions
Speaker: Ir Frankie Cheah
Abstract: Underground tunnelling works in densely populated urban environment can give rise to deformation of the surrounding ground. The ground deformations can cause potential damage to the adjacent structure foundation and lead to untoward structural distresses. In one of the locations of the recent tunnel construction for MRT development in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the tunnel is expected to be constructed beneath an existing viaduct pier supporting the operating railway line. The viaduct pier founded on piles with tips partially located within more than one zone (30° and 45°) where a triangular zone above the tunnel is anticipated. The triangular zone identified is expected to be observed with a large pile settlement as per reported by Jacobsz et. al. (2001). Subsurface investigation revealed that TBM is envisaged to be driven through a mixed soil-rock face conditions over an inclined bedrock where the piles are toe-socketed. In the design stage of the tunnel works, finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to evaluate the mechanisms of ground movement and tunnel-piled structure interaction for this complex ground conditions. The geotechnical challenges that are unique to this tunnelling interface owing to its geological features are identified. The ground deformations and structure responses in transverse direction are predicted using finite element modelling in order to investigate the effects on pile foundation as well as the viaduct structure due to differential movement between piles. Malaysia Railway Protection Act (1998) was used to assess the safety and integrity of the operating railway structure. The instrumentation strategy during the tunnelling work is also briefly discussed in this paper. The results of the instrumentation are compared with that of FEA predictions.
Paper: Numerical Tools in Geotechnical Engineering for Underground Works: Tunnelling, Engineering Geology and Recent Trends
Speaker: Dr Boon Chia Weng
Abstract: The increasing development of underground space has resulted in a need to carry out designs more efficiently and accurately. Although there is a suite of numerical tools at the engineer’s disposal, it is important that the engineer is able to review whether the results are realistic. The engineer should determine from his site observations whether the numerical technique adopted is appropriate, and whether more advanced checks are required. Some practical examples and numerical solutions are discussed. The presentation draws example related from tunnelling and engineering geology. These are underpinned by the quality of site investigation and also site observations, so that they can be reflected in the analysis.
Paper: The Use of Polymer Fibre Reinforced Concrete in Underground Construction Projects in Asia
Speaker: Mr. Isaac Ching Ngew Hoe, Assistant Professor Dr Chuchai Sujivorakul
Abstract: This paper discusses the rise in the use of polymer fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) in underground construction projects in Asia. Historically, polymer fibres were mainly micro polymer fibres with tensile strengths of 200MPa to 400MPa. These micro polymer fibres were used in concrete to control cracks and prevent spalling of concrete during a fire in a tunnel. Polymer fibre producers experimenting with improved petroleum resins, production methods and different surface patterns have managed to produce higher strengths macro polymer fibres. Macro polymer fibres are now achieving tensile strengths above 550MPa. These higher strength macro polymer fibres are successfully replacing partially or completely the steel reinforcing bars and/or steel fibres in reinforced concrete used in underground structures in Asia. This evolution is further enhanced by the fact that many of these polymer fibres are produced locally in Asia thus resulting in reduced shipping costs. The use of polymer fibres in underground construction projects will further improve the efficient and sustainable usage of valuable raw materials and contribute to efforts in reducing our carbon footprint.
Paper: Challenges and Innovations in the Deepest Underground Space Development in Restricted Urban Areas of Kuala Lumpur
Speaker: Ir. Alexus Pong Vui Wei
Abstract: The Damansara Town Centre (DTC) was constructed in 1983 to 1986. The 9 blocks of 8 to 10 storeys buildings were founded on bored piles and steel H-piles foundations. The site is located in Kuala Lumpur Kenny Hill Formation. The construction of 2 new MRT stations within its vicinity and the rapid development of the surrounding areas have created an urge to redevelop this plot of land of over 3.5ha with over 30 years old buildings inclusive of an existing bridge that need to be demolished. The new development will be a high density mixed development with 5 to 8 levels of basement carparks, 4 levels of podium for commercial, 9 blocks of 8 to 22 storeys office towers and 3 blocks of 48 to 54 storeys of residential towers with total build up area of 300,000m2. The original development has existing retaining wall system of counterfort RC wall and the bored piles and H-piles are approximately 12m to 18m long below soffit of pile cap level. There are 7 MRT viaduct piers located literally next to the eastern boundary for the entire development.
These constraints have posted significant challenges to the design and construction sequence of the retaining wall and support system for the basement structure, as well as the foundation systems for the office towers and residential towers. This development also needs to comply with the regulatory requirements of Mass Rapid Transit Corporation due to close proximity, especially on railway protection in-line with the Railway Act and establishment of comprehensive instrumentation monitoring scheme to railway system along with the basement construction works. This paper will present the innovations in overcoming the complex challenges encountered.
Paper: 3D Subsurface Profile Development Using IDW Method for Tunnel Design
Speaker: Ir. Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohd Ashraf bin Mohamad Ismail
Abstract: A subsurface profile is conventionally developed through a 2D cross section and manually interpreted by geotechnical engineers based on limited boreholes. However, the main drawback of this method is that it produces a large variation of results and is not supported by any deterministic interpolation method. This study aimed to eliminate this constraint by using a 3D subsurface model, which was generated using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) algorithm method. This algorithm successfully produced a reliable 3D subsurface model using RockWorks17 software. Besides the 3D soil lithology model, a standard penetration test value (SPT-N) and a pressuremeter modulus (E0 and Eur) were also modeled in this study. However, correlation of the E0 and Eur models with the SPT-N was required to develop reliable 3D models. A tunnel simulation was appended with these models and unique features to export the models to Google Earth, enhance the visualization of the models presented to the client, and assist in a geotechnical monitoring system for ground settlement in tunnel construction.
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